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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网; [" i( O) t! y: N' rmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ4 e- C- k9 l1 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。+ }7 h+ K! U( \- m3 o
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; j2 |7 m- X3 X& H/ p$ Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* [( P1 a1 d0 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">5% F0 _- Z- g, O" yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ r; w9 i N" k/ ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：8 Y" K# L5 d1 B3 }( `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：; h% ]8 h* C: M+ _/ J* kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; x! q% e& }2 ^" r
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& n4 E( G) J; M5 X0 r1 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。* x# U2 d/ }) ~* R
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8 V- \: ^( q1 _3 G. [mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：) Q2 \! u+ W9 [8 h* N4 N [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。8 u3 w! _; V/ o: _color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" }' m& j- p( M# FTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;$ }$ Y& Q+ o' I3 _8 f8 X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：; x9 z4 G: f$ L$ ^% z
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% T% ^! f9 a$ ^) L% }2 X4 emso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？6 R/ Z: U5 ?9 ?8 W; w) umso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 A" c4 _/ |2 dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- m. [) A' I& X5 [* ~. a' [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。 C3 M( i L! H& O8 w) imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 h! H! v S4 j1 A2 D. Imso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：- K# t) }4 F. j {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。9 a0 t0 G# l& I! [* f: L, T$ p10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; r! u+ T. L2 U
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+ ^1 \" K3 n% q8 t+ [- ~! Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：" d) Z0 N% C: h/ {, o0pt">"2 d) |4 a0 |2 m4 T. }+ Nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
3 t4 ]! M9 h# ^/ L' t! p- iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。3 |- p, a$ E' K
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" h/ ` M ^# Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：" t% a9 Y3 F' W6 C! p+ c" Y0 D
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- V, @/ b- t( H$ E9 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢1 l m' \& |4 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 N1 a5 C0 I- o- V+ m5 S5 @/ [5 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 m, e) S% }1 l; _1 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。; c O9 U; j( R1 u9 C) Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是& x* k" F# A" D/ o" J. a
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0 s& R! c6 S% i, `+ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得- k# t* t/ N9 I& U# T9 J4 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, v" a* i: G1 b' _0 y
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9 N: _7 N: r, H+ h1 G' r9 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲; u1 t- `3 \) n1 o* O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，* H" k- o- D; x" m* i& Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ w% ]0 A+ k) s& p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 @! X, [) l p2 {8 e' Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。3 L' Y+ F: i/ C W/ Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？" W5 v! T( ~" I* I" I5 j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。/ `# U5 N2 p1 f/ G; W( V* }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: X% S/ S# h: e- n( v4 Z4 YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义( K. n; _# [4 K( O% ^% cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# r1 _( v) w7 l# V/ k# {- J* `" Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。& m" l+ S& V4 q: e Q; F$ m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述, ?9 w O% h5 J: ]& N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊# \& X5 [ T6 a* q2 D d3 K! r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。7 t0 @# a4 p$ i. L' ~2 G
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孝经
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1 x% ~8 h" M) {2 u( b! hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。3 T% ?0 D. C& |$ A omso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ M; P& t( r( U( D4 r7 I
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* S/ g: X0 t' O$ ~- u* ~% Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 s# B; w6 `" C2 u+ Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：: l8 W- m: H6 ?; Z. p) A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。# n5 K$ R/ L8 V# f# F* n0 }0 |9 n$ I7 smso-font-kerning:0pt">”( V8 m) R5 F0 Q2 F6 a2 E; t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 v) C6 A; S+ n- U/ `. h5 W1 P
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个# A* |) x: A% b% [7 m" X6 L8 Z* Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 e# z' J9 j+ A& R9 a" G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬3 z( z" z' U5 s* L( p" E* ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 v; e* g2 T- y% efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 h5 J' U6 g; O7 T8 F! i8 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为6 s0 e3 }: ?/ l, `) p4 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, D9 ~2 h& W, p0 h8 }: r; m4 D& u3 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ N, r; x7 _% j) L
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道# K" E. P% U* R, b" Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ V2 a2 V& p1 S2 f: m) d, Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% ]9 m0 J* D) G( |* q8 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。3 G3 w' v! b% H0 F3 W3 c, zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ d- Z& h \1 Y% }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的3 P. z `6 w |9 k* Z5 W; ^' \+ t+ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 O; c6 y; D7 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 q; b) v9 v# b- e. tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺; i, B* t: r* t% N
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! G2 Y" w0 ?: {3 p& a5 ^: H& p2 y2 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思( @* T% _8 Y( W/ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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